Agent-Based Modeling of the Hajj Rituals with the Possible Spread of COVID-19

With the coronavirus (COVID-19) pandemic continuing to spread around globe, there is an unprecedented need develop different approaches containing from spreading further. One particular case of importance mass-gathering events. Mass-gathering events have been shown exhibit possibility be superspreader events; as such, adoption effective control strategies by policymakers essential curb pandemic. This paper deals with modeling possible COVID-19 in Hajj, world’s largest religious gathering. We present agent-based model (ABM) for two rituals Hajj: Tawaf and Ramy al-Jamarat. The aims investigate effect measures: buffers face masks. couple these measures a third measure that can adopted policymakers, which limiting capacity each ritual. Our findings show impact on curbing under crowd dynamics induced constraints